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Journal of the London Mathematical Society 2006 73(1):252-272; doi:10.1112/S0024610705022477
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© The London Mathematical Society

Asymptotic Enumeration and Logical Limit Laws for Expansive Multisets and Selections

Boris L. Granovsky and Dudley Stark

Department of Mathematics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000, Israel mar18aa{at}techunix.technion.ac.i
School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London London E1 4NS, United Kingdom D.S.Stark{at}maths.qmul.ac.uk

Received 16 July 2004. Revision received 25 February 2005.

Given a sequence of integers aj, j ≥ 1, a multiset is a combinatorial object composed of unordered components, such that there are exactly aj one-component multisets of size j. When aj {asymp} jr–1 yj for some r > 0, y ≥ 1, then the multiset is called expansive. Let cn be the number of multisets of total size n. Using a probabilistic approach, we prove for expansive multisets that cn/cn+1 -> 1 and that cn/cn+1 < 1 for large enough n. This allows us to prove monadic second-order limit laws for expansive multisets. The above results are extended to a class of expansive multisets with oscillation.

Moreover, under the condition aj = Kjr–1 yj + O(y{nu} j), where K > 0, r > 0, y > 1, {nu} isin (0, 1), we find an explicit asymptotic formula for cn. In a similar way we study the asymptotic behavior of selections, which are defined as combinatorial objects composed of unordered components of distinct sizes.


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