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Journal of the London Mathematical Society 2006 74(3):673-693; doi:10.1112/S0024610706023179
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© The London Mathematical Society

Positive Solutions of Nonlocal Boundary Value Problems: A Unified Approach

J. R. L. Webb and Gennaro Infante

Department of Mathematics, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QW, United Kingdom J.Webb{at}maths.gla.ac.uk
Dipartimento di Matematica, Università della Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy g.infante{at}unical.it

Received 8 August 2005.

We give a unified approach for studying the existence of multiple positive solutions of nonlinear differential equations of the form

Formula
where g, f are non-negative functions, subject to various nonlocal boundary conditions. We study these problems via new results for a perturbed integral equation, in the space C[0, 1], of the form

Formula
where {alpha}[u], ß[u] are linear functionals given by Stieltjes integrals but are not assumed to be positive for all positive u. This means we actually cover many more differential equations than the simple equation written above. Previous results have studied positive functionals only, but even for positive functionals our methods give improvements on previous work. The well-known m-point boundary value problems are special cases and we obtain sharp conditions on the coefficients, which allows some of them to have opposite signs. We also use some optimal assumptions on the nonlinear term.


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