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Journal of the London Mathematical Society 1988 s2-37(121):14-24; doi:10.1112/jlms/s2-37.121.14
© 1988 by London Mathematical Society
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© The London Mathematical Society

Isomorphic Factorization of Regular Graphs and 3-Regular Multigraphs

M. N. Ellingham and N. C. Wormald

Department of Combinatorics, and Optimization, University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3GI, Canada
Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand

Received 5 November 1984. Revision received 17 February 1987.

A multigraph G is divisible by t if its edge set can be partitioned into t subsets, such that the subgraphs (called factors) induced by the subsets are all isomorphic. If G has e(G) edges, then it is t-rational if it is divisible by t or if t does not divide e(G). A short proof is given that any graph G is t-rational for all t ≥ {xi}'(G) (the chromatic index of G), and thus any r-regular graph is t-rational for all t ≥ r+1. The main result of this paper is that all 3-regular multigraphs are divisible by 3, in such a way that the components of each factor are paths of length 1 or 2. It follows that 3-regular graphs are t-rational for all t ≥ 3. The proofs rely on edge-colouring techniques.


Current address: Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA


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